This scale measures overall classroom climate across three  dimensions with nine subscales. The relationship dimension includes subscales measuring involvement, affiliation, and teacher support. The personal growth/goal orientation dimension includes task orientation and competition. The system maintenance and change dimension includes order and organization, rule clarity, teacher control, and innovation. The Classroom Environment Scale is available in three different forms. Form R measures student and teacher perceptions of classroom climate; Form I  asks participants about their preferred ideal environment, and Form E assesses students’ and teachers’ expectations for their classroom environment. The 90 items on this scale can be completed in approximately 15 minutes. The Classroom Environment Scale is appropriate for classrooms middle school and above and is available in several languages. It requires a purchase for use, at costs that vary according to which manuals, online resources, and reports are desired. The right to administer the survey on paper can be purchased at  $2.50 per person.

Suggestions for Further Research