Conversations between teachers and students engender student expression of complex ideas using students’ everyday language resources (e.g., dialects, vernaculars, creoles, home languages) through modeling, elicitation, and affirmation.

Teacher and student interactions in small group instructional conversations foster opportunities for every student to contribute as meaningful participants.

Through classroom talk, teachers and students connect classroom topics and ideas with students’ everyday experiences (such as routines, interests, relationships, perspectives, expertise, values, and traditions), including issues of fairness, bias, and justice.

Teachers and students collaborate in a small group on a joint activity to develop tangible (e.g., a chart, essay, report, list of ideas shared) and intangible products (e.g., a shared understanding, co-construction of ideas, or discovering solutions) in order to explore ideas, foster shared reasoning, and construct meaning together.

Conversations between the teacher and a small group of students engender student expression of complex ideas using students’ everyday language resources (e.g., dialects, vernaculars, creoles, home languages) through modeling, elicitation, and affirmation.

Teacher and student interactions in small group instructional conversations foster opportunity for every student to contribute as meaningful participants.