When you finish writing your essay, you should revise it. After you revise it, you may need to return to either of the previous stages (prewriting or writing) to make improvements to your writing. For example, you may need to do more brainstorming if you don’t have enough ideas to write about. You also may need to do additional drafting if you decide to delete one of your body paragraphs.
Many people divide the revising stage into revising and editing. Revising focuses on making changes to improve the clarity of your ideas and organization. Editing focuses on making changes to improve the clarity of your grammar. Revising should be completed before editing so that you do not spend time fixing the grammar in sentences you may delete when you begin revising.
Self-check
You should always read through your essay to identify mistakes you have made. As you revise your own work, you may need to add, delete, or move text. Write down or mark anything about your essay that you want to ask a friend/tutor to help you with.
Here is a general list of questions you can use to check your essays:
- Does the introduction provide the general information a reader needs in order to understand the topic?
- Does the introduction end with an effective thesis? Does it match the style of the essay?
- Do each of the body paragraphs begin with an effective topic sentence?
- Are the body paragraphs sequenced in a logical order?
- Look at each body paragraph. Do the supporting sentences support the topic sentence?
- Look at each body paragraph. Are the supporting sentences sequenced in a logical order?
- Look at each body paragraph. Is there enough development? Are there more details or examples that would help the reader?
- Look at each body paragraph. Does the concluding sentence close the paragraph logically?
- Does the conclusion paragraph start by restating the thesis?
- Does the conclusion paragraph have a suggestion, prediction, or opinion at the end?
When you look for errors, you may be surprised how many errors you are able to identify on your own. Here are some strategies specific to proofreading your essay for errors in grammar and mechanics.
Apply Strategies
Start by simply reading through your essay for typos. Then look through your essay for basic grammar that you know well. For example, you can check to make sure every sentence has a subject and a verb (and that they agree).
Read your essay out loud. You may notice mistakes that you didn't see before.
Try to finish your drafting and revising with enough time to give yourself some distance from what you wrote. After you finish writing, do something active that doesn't involve writing and then come back to your essay and read through it again.
Get feedback and make changes
If you are not writing for a test, have a friend or a tutor review your writing. Then use the feedback you get to make changes.
Understand coding symbols
Many teachers use coding symbols like the following to mark specific types of errors. If your teacher uses codes, make sure you clearly understand what the codes mean and how to fix the error.
Symbol
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Code
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TRS
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Transitions
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WF
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Word form
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WC
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Word choice
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SV
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Subject-Verb agreement
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VT
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Verb tense
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TS
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Topic sentence
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TH
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Thesis statement
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CS
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Concluding sentence
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CL
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Clarity
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FR
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Fragment
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UN
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Unity
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IR
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Irrelevant
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SS
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Supporting sentences
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RR
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Repetitive
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